List of National Historic Landmarks in Missouri

Missouri National Historic Landmarks (clickable map)

The National Historic Landmarks (NHLs) in the U.S. state of Missouri represent Missouri's history from the Lewis and Clark Expedition, through the American Civil War, the Civil Rights Movement, and the Space Age. There are 37 National Historic Landmarks in Missouri.[1] One site in Missouri was once a National Historic Landmark but later had its designation withdrawn when it failed to meet the program's criteria for inclusion.[2][3] The NHLs are distributed across fifteen of Missouri's 114 counties and one independent city, with a concentration of fifteen landmarks in the state's only independent city, St. Louis.

The National Park Service (NPS), a branch of the U.S. Department of the Interior, administers the National Historic Landmark program. The NPS is responsible for determining which sites meet the criteria for designation or withdrawal as an NHL as well as identifying potential candidates for the program, through theme studies. The NPS and the National Park System Advisory Board then meet to determine the historical significance of these candidates. The final decision regarding a site's designation as a National Historic Landmark is made by the U.S. Secretary of the Interior. However, the owner of a property may object to the designation of that property as an NHL. In such cases, the site is only "eligible for designation." A property eligible for NHL status is also eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).[4][5] Designated National Historic Landmarks are listed on the NRHP, which includes historic properties that the National Park Service has determined to be worthy of preservation. While NHL areas are deemed to carry national historic significance, other NRHP properties may only be significant at local or state levels.[4]

Five historic sites in Missouri are in the U.S. National Park system. These are automatically listed in the NRHP and include one U.S. National Monument, one National Memorial, one National Battlefield, and two National Historic Sites.[6][7]

Contents

Current National Historic Landmarks

[nb 1] Landmark name[1] Image Date listed[1] Locality[1] County[1] Description
1 Anheuser-Busch Brewery 01966-11-13 November 13, 1966 St. Louis
 St. Louis (independent city) The buildings in Anheuser-Busch's brewing district date from the late 1800s and are made of brick. Many are decorated with gargoyles and other such figures on the exterior. In addition, the company has also added new buildings and renovated older ones, but the district's status as a historic site has not been compromised.[8]
2 Arrow Rock 01963-05-23 May 23, 1963 Arrow Rock
 Saline The crossing of the Missouri River at Arrow Rock, which was recorded in the 1700s, played an important role in early explorations, such as the Lewis and Clark expedition in 1804, that led to the opening of the American West. A ferry was later established near Arrow Rock, at what became a starting point for traders on the Santa Fe Trail. The district is now home to Arrow Rock State Park.[9]
3 George Caleb Bingham House 01965-12-21 December 21, 1965 Arrow Rock
 Saline George Caleb Bingham, a painter, lived in this house from 1837–1845. During his time at this house, Bingham first sketched the Missouri River and local frontier life that later turned into his "genre" works.[10]
4 Louis Bolduc House 01970-04-15 April 15, 1970 Ste. Genevieve
 Ste. Genevieve This home was the residence of Louis Bolduc from around 1785 until his death in 1815. Bolduc was a lead miner, merchant, and planter, and was one of the local leaders of Ste. Genevieve, a small town. The house itself is an example of one in the French Colonial style of poteaux-sur-solle, or posts on sill, with a stone foundation. It also utilizes bouzillage (clay and grass) as a wall filling.[11]
5 Carrington Osage Village Sites 01964-07-19 July 19, 1964 Nevada
 Vernon This site was occupied by the Big Osage tribe of Native Americans from around 1775–1825, and was the group's last area of residence in the southwestern portion of Missouri, as they were later confined to a Kansas reservation. The site is representative of the culture of the Big Osage, because it appears to have been a major trading area for the tribe.[12]
6 Christ Church Cathedral 01994-10-12 October 12, 1994 St. Louis
 St. Louis (independent city) Construction for the church began in 1859, but the structure was not completed until 1867. The Gothic Revival building was designed by architect Leopold Eidlitz, even though he was not devoted to the Gothic style.[13]
7 "Champ" Clark House 01976-12-08 December 8, 1976 Bowling Green
 Pike This house served as the residence of James Beauchamp Clark from 1899 until his death in 1921. Clark was the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1911–1919.[14]
8 Eads Bridge 01964-01-29 January 29, 1964 St. Louis
 St. Louis (independent city) This steel bridge was built in 1874, at a total length of 6,442 feet (1,964 m). It was designed by Captain James B. Eads, who used a system of cantilevers to allow for the bridge's long length. At the time of its construction, the Eads Bridge was used primarily as a means to connect railroads running westward to Missouri and those running eastward to Illinois.[15]
9 Joseph Erlanger House 01976-12-08 December 8, 1976 St. Louis
 St. Louis (independent city) This house was the home of Joseph Erlanger from 1917 until his death in 1965. Erlanger was an American physiologist and a co-recipient of the 1944 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. More recently, the house fell into a state of disrepair because its owner was unable to maintain the structure.[16]
10 Field House 02007-03-29 March 29, 2007 St. Louis
 St. Louis (independent city) This was the home of attorney Roswell Field, who represented slave Dred Scott in the U.S. Supreme Court case Scott v. Sandford (1857).[17] Also the birthplace of Field's son, author Eugene Field, the house is currently known as the Eugene Field House and St. Louis Toy Museum.[18]
11 Fort Osage 01961-05-11 May 11, 1961 Sibley
 Jackson This factory trading post was established by William Clark in 1808. Built for the protection of the Osage Indians, Fort Osage experienced success in as a trade house until the end of the factory system in 1822.[19]
12 Gateway Arch 01987-05-28 May 28, 1987 St. Louis
 St. Louis (independent city) The tallest man-made monument in the U.S., the arch is based on a weighted catenary design conceived by Finnish American architect Eero Saarinen. In 1967, the 630 feet (190 m) structure was opened to the public as part of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial.[20][21]
13 Goldenrod Showboat 01967-12-24 December 24, 1967 Kampsville[nb 2]
 Calhoun[nb 2] A rare remaining example of an early-1900s era showboat, this vessel once held 1,400 passengers. The Goldenrod Showboat featured entertainers in minstrel shows, vaudeville, or drama.[23]
14 Graham Cave 01961-01-20 January 20, 1961 Mineola
 Montgomery In 1949, remnants of Archaic American civilization were found in this cave. Dating back to 8,000 B.C., these remains indicate a blending of Eastern and Plains cultures at Graham Cave, which is now part of Graham Cave State Park.[24]
15 Scott Joplin Residence 01976-12-08 December 8, 1976 St. Louis
 St. Louis (independent city) NRHP 76002235
16 Liberty Memorial 02006-09-20 September 20, 2006 Kansas City Jackson This building of this memorial started with a group of about 40 citizens, a Memorial Association led by Robert A. Long, and a dedication to build a memorial to the fallen soldiers of WW I. With funding secured (a massive fund raising that brought in over 2.5 million dollars) and approval from the city council, construction began on November 1, 1921. The Groundbreaking ceremony was the first and last gathering a group of men that included: Lieutenant General Baron Jacques of Belgium, Marshal Ferdinand Foch of France, General Armando Diaz of Italy, Admiral Earl Beatty of Great Britain, and General John Pershing of the United States. The dedication, on November 11, 1926, was attended by U.S. President Calvin Coolidge. The Liberty Memorial is home to The National World War I Museum
17 Missouri Botanical Garden 01976-12-08 December 8, 1976 St. Louis
 St. Louis (independent city) NRHP 71001065
18 Mutual Musicians Foundation Building image pending 01981-12-21 December 21, 1981 Kansas City
 Jackson Center of "Kansas City Style" of jazz
19 Patee House 01961-11-05 November 5, 1961 St. Joseph
 Buchanan NRHP 66000414
20 General John J. Pershing Boyhood Home 01976-05-11 May 11, 1976 Laclede
 Linn A boyhood home of General John J. Pershing
21 Research Cave 01964-07-19 July 19, 1964 Portland
 Callaway NRHP 66000415
22 Ste. Genevieve Historic District 01960-10-09 October 9, 1960 Ste. Genevieve
 Ste. Genevieve NRHP 66000892
23 Sanborn Field and Soil Erosion Plots 01964-07-19 July 19, 1964 Columbia
 Boone NRHP 66000413
24 Shelley House 01990-12-14 December 14, 1990 St. Louis
 St. Louis (independent city) NRHP 88000437
25 Tower Grove Park 01989-12-20 December 20, 1989 St. Louis
 St. Louis (independent city) NRHP 72001556
26 Harry S Truman Historic District 01971-11-11 November 11, 1971 Independence
 Jackson NRHP 71001066
27 Harry S. Truman Farm Home 01985-02-04 February 4, 1985 Grandview Jackson
28 Mark Twain Boyhood Home 01962-12-29 December 29, 1962 Hannibal
 Marion A boyhood home of Mark Twain
29 Union Station 01970-12-30 December 30, 1970 St. Louis
 St. Louis (independent city) NRHP 70000888
30 United States Customhouse and Post Office (St. Louis, Missouri) 01970-12-30 December 30, 1970 St. Louis
 St. Louis (independent city) NRHP 68000053
31 Utz Site 01964-07-19 July 19, 1964 Marshall
 Saline NRHP 66000424
32 Wainwright Building 01968-05-23 May 23, 1968 St. Louis
 St. Louis (independent city) NRHP 68000054
33 Washington University Hilltop Campus Historic District 01987-02-27 February 27, 1987 St. Louis
 St. Louis (independent city) NRHP 79003636
34 Watkins Mill Excelsior
 Clay NRHP 66000416
35 Westminster College Gymnasium 01968-05-02 May 2, 1968 Fulton
 Callaway NRHP 68000030
36 White Haven 01986-06-23 June 23, 1986 Grantwood Village
 St. Louis NRHP 79003205
37 Laura Ingalls Wilder House 01991-07-17 July 17, 1991 Mansfield
 Wright NRHP 70000353

Historic National Park Service areas

National Historical Parks, some National Historic Sites, some National Monuments, and certain other areas in the National Park system are highly protected historic landmarks of national importance, often listed before the inauguration of the NHL program in 1960 and not later named NHLs. There are five of these areas in Missouri. However, these five are listed by the National Park Service together with the other NHLs in Missouri.[6][7]

[nb 1] Landmark name[1] Image Date listed[1] Locality[1] County[1] Description
1 George Washington Carver National Monument 1943 Diamond
 Newton
2 Ulysses S. Grant National Historic Site 1989 Grantwood Village
 St. Louis
3 Jefferson National Expansion Memorial 1966 St. Louis
 St. Louis (independent city) NRHP 66000941
4 Harry S. Truman National Historic Site 1985 Independence
 Jackson NRHP 85001248
5 Wilson's Creek National Battlefield 1960 Republic
 Greene

Former National Historic Landmarks

If an area currently designated as a National Historic Landmark is no longer eligible under the criteria for inclusion, its designation may be withdrawn. This usually occurs when the property undergoes any change that reduces or eliminates its national significance, usually demolition, addition, or other alterations. NHL status can be considered for withdrawal at the request of a property's owner or by the Secretary of the Interior. However, a former NHL can still remain on the National Register of Historic Places if it meets the necessary criteria for that listing. As of January 2009, only 28 sites are former (delisted) NHLs.[2]

[nb 1] Landmark name[1] Image Date listed[1] Locality[1] County[1] Description
1 USS Inaugural (minesweeper) 1986 St. Louis
 St. Louis (independent city) NRHP 86000091 - NHL designation withdrawn 08/07/01

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d Numbers represent an ordering by significant words. Various colorings, defined here, differentiate the National Monuments, National Historic Sites, National Historic Landmark Districts and other higher designations from other National Historic Landmarks buildings, structures, sites or objects.
  2. ^ a b The Goldenrod Showboat traveled throughout the Midwestern United States from its construction in 1909 until 1937, at which time it was moved to the city of St. Louis, Missouri and anchored to the bottom of the Mississippi River. It stayed in St. Louis from 1937 to 1990, when it was purchased by the city of St. Charles, Missouri. In 2003, the city gave the showboat to a local businessperson, who moored it in Calhoun County, Illinois; in 2008, he transferred ownership of the boat to a St. Louis entrepreneur, who has stored it at another dock in the same county since then.[22] While this means the Goldenrod Showboat is not currently a National Historic Landmark in Missouri, the National Park Service continues to list the ship as a Missouri landmark.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n National Park Service (June 2011). "National Historic Landmarks Survey: List of National Historic Landmarks by State" (PDF). http://www.cr.nps.gov/nhl/designations/Lists/LIST11.pdf. Retrieved 2011-07-04. .
  2. ^ a b "National Historic Landmarks Program: Withdrawal of National Historic Landmark Designation". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://www.cr.nps.gov/nhl/DOE_dedesignations/Dedesignations_intro.htm. Retrieved March 12, 2010. 
  3. ^ "Withdrawal of National Historic Landmark Designation". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://www.nps.gov/history/nhl/DOE_dedesignations/Inaugural.htm. Retrieved March 12, 2010. 
  4. ^ a b "National Historic Landmarks Program: Questions and Answers". National Historic Landmarks Program. http://www.nps.gov/nhl/QA.htm. Retrieved March 12, 2010. 
  5. ^ "§65.5: Designation of National Historic Landmarks". Title 36, Parts 1 to 199: Parks, Forests, and Public Property. Code of Federal Regulations. United States Government Printing Office. July 1, 2010. p. 374. ISBN 978-0-16-086016-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=PtofREQdvpcC&lpg=PR5&dq=code%20of%20federal%20regulations%20title%2036&pg=PA374#v=onepage&q=national%20historic%20landmarks&f=false. 
  6. ^ a b "NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARKS SURVEY" (PDF). National Park Service. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior. pp. 3. http://www.nps.gov/history/nhl/designations/Lists/MO01.pdf. Retrieved 12 March 2010. 
  7. ^ a b "Units in the National Park System" (PDF). National Park Service Office of Public Affairs. U.S. Department of the Interior. July 17, 2008. http://www.nps.gov/pub_aff/refdesk/classlst.pdf. Retrieved March 12, 2010. 
  8. ^ "Anheuser-Busch Brewery". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=715&ResourceType=District. Retrieved 16 March 2010. 
  9. ^ "Arrow Rock". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=293&ResourceType=District. Retrieved 16 March 2010. 
  10. ^ "Bingham, George Caleb, House". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=294&ResourceType=Building. Retrieved 16 March 2010. 
  11. ^ "Bolduc, Louis, House". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=861&ResourceType=Building. Retrieved 16 March 2010. 
  12. ^ "Carrington Osage Village Sites". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=296&ResourceType=Site. Retrieved 16 March 2010. 
  13. ^ "Christ Church Cathedral". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2094&ResourceType=Building. Retrieved 16 March 2010. 
  14. ^ "Clark, "Champ," House". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1629&ResourceType=Building. Retrieved 16 March 2010. 
  15. ^ "Eads Bridge". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=716&ResourceType=Structure. Retrieved 9 April 2010. 
  16. ^ "Erlanger, Joseph, House". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1705&ResourceType=Building. Retrieved 9 April 2010. 
  17. ^ "Field House". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=955098390&ResourceType=Building. Retrieved March 20, 2011. 
  18. ^ American Association for State and Local History (2001). Directory of Historical Organizations in the United States and Canada (15 ed.). AltaMira Press. p. 474. ISBN 9780759100022. http://books.google.com/books?id=LY0Q5Rv4O3YC&lpg=PA474&dq=eugene%20field%20house&pg=PA474#v=onepage&q=eugene%20field%20house&f=false. 
  19. ^ "Fort Osage". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=290&ResourceType=District. Retrieved March 20, 2011. 
  20. ^ "Gateway Arch". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2017&ResourceType=Structure. Retrieved March 22, 2011. 
  21. ^ Post-Dispatch Reference Department (October 17, 2005). "Arch timeline". St. Louis Post-Dispatch (St. Louis Post-Dispatch, LLC). http://more.stltoday.com/stltoday/news/special/gatewayarch.nsf/0/4dbea0fa7346ba928625709e000b5027. Retrieved March 22, 2011. 
  22. ^ Schlinkmann, Mark (September 1, 2010). "Nostalgia buff hopes to revive Goldenrod Showboat". St. Louis Post-Dispatch (St. Louis Post-Dispatch, LLC). http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/article_817c0342-29a6-5cab-820f-7da0714e7922.html. Retrieved March 22, 2011. 
  23. ^ "GOLDENROD (Showboat)". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=758&ResourceType=Structure. Retrieved March 23, 2011. 
  24. ^ "Graham Cave". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=292&ResourceType=Site. Retrieved March 24, 2011. 

See also

External links

State
Federal district
Other
Topics
Lists by states
Lists by territories
Lists by associated states
Other
  • Category:National Register of Historic Places
  • Portal:National Register of Historic Places